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Anio Novus
Aqua Giulia
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Aqua Claudia
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The construction of Claudio Aqueduct was started by Caligola in 38 d.C. and finished by Claudio in 52 (but it was already functioning in 47). It is the most important aqueduct of Rome and Claudio, that gave its name to it, spent immense resources for its accomplishment; the cost of technology and the increase of manpower were noteworthy for the time. Plinio the " Vecchio" said (Born. Hist. XXXVI, 122) together with the aqueduct of Anio Novus, cost about 350 million sesterzi at that time, which is today equivalent to 230 million of euro (approximately also dollars).
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The principal source is called "Cerulea" (considered by it's transparent blue) and "Curzia" (Fons Caeruleus and Fons Curtius), these supplies valuable water but it's quality is lesser in respect to Marcio' s water. You can find them in the high valley of Aniene in which you can find two small lakes, near Monte of Ripoli, which is XXXVIII miles of via Sublacensis, between Marano Equo and Àrsoli or, you can look exactly 300 feet in a curve of that road in the left, next to the source of Aqua Marcia.
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Today they could be identified easily with the source group of Serene (particularly the first and the second) with the lake of Santa Lucia, which can be seen in modern via of Sublacense. Aqueduct that can also be imagined like "Albudina" (Fons Albudinus), the capital in the period of Augusto and today it is called Rosoline, is also possible to interchange the with the same aqueduct of Marcioe, in such a way that the closure of the other one could be regulated if there is a need . The course of Claudia was about 45 miles in the underground canal and in the surface of the land. The last part 4,5 km (3076 yd) was made out of bridges, in the upper part, while 10,5 (7095 yd ) was the substitution of the arcades .The capacity was 4607 gallons (equal to 191.190 e 2211 liters for every second ), in which after intermediate source is the abusive intersections, only 3312 arrives lamaria swimming pool, after the water from this source sinistra, in prossimità of Anio Novus. Claudio's aqueduct starts following to the right of the road of valle of Aniene maintaining it's height and shot cutting the rectilinear curves and the hills. In the closing of San Cosimato, while a route (a derivation) continues to the right, passing with a bridge to the other side of the river going to the side of other aqueduct that passes on that part (Anio Novus, Marcia and , later Vicovaro, Anio Vetus). Under Vicovaro you can arrive to it's derivation and, along the left side of Aniene, continues Tivoli over passing small rivers with bridges which in part is still conserved or intact in it's original structure which is the opera of tufo with the reconstruction in the period of Flavia, adrianea and severiana: to emphasize, before Castel Madama, the bridge in the well of Noce, in two level in one after the other in arcade, about 135 meters in length.
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After turning a long curve of Monte Sant' Angelo in Arcese touches Tivoli, aqueduct goes to the south going to via Praenestina and passing the deep valley between San Gregorio and Gallicano on a very high bridge and in to the well of Acqua Raminga, Mola of San Gregorio, Caipoli and Collafri. Having through (together with Anio Novus) this road shortcuts to Santa Maria of Cavamonte, turns to the west going to
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via Latina and Colli Albani. Therefore passing other valley with various bridges on the Fosso of Acqua Nera, with nine arcade, in which the central part is of two orders(in the characteristic opera of laterizia of in the period of Settimio Severo), and the bridge on the Fosso of Biserano, with only one arcade, in square opera of tufo on nucleus cementizio; and with "viadotti", about 80 metrers in length, on the well of Pallavicina, near the lake of Monno, and the one in the Fossi of Marmorelle, Casale Mattia, and Prata Porci.VII miles of via Latina today is the locality Capannelle, aqueduct of Claudia goes out on the surface and passing the big swimming pool lamaria , going high progressively on the top which is about 900m (600yd), on a substructure of a solid wall in blocks of peperino, then after 9.5km (6491 yd), until Porta Maggiore, on the arcade. (opus arcuatum) progressively going high: it is the famous arches that in it's two thousand years, characterized the landscape of the Roman province, immediately to the south of Rome. The arcades (in which stands together with the aqueduct of Anio Novus) the are constructed in the opera of Peperino and Tufo rosso, with the blocks of keys in transversal. The colons measures 3.35 meters in front for 3.10 meters in deep and the distance is about 5.5 meters. The arches, that are implemented on it is of light composition, it has a light of about 6 meters, as high as the hight of Casale di Roma Vecchia, where you can find the longest route intact about (1.5km), it is 17m. Near Poco Osteria of Tavolato, in the depression of Quadraro, the arcade, sustained with a notable pillars, arriving a with a maximum height of about 27.40m. All of the route left, until Rome, a median high is between 17 to 22 meters. In the point in wich the aqueduct crawled, you can see clearly the section with two canals one over the other: that of Aqua Claudia which is on top of arches, it is constructed based in the square opera and it is distinct in the side by three line blocks in horizontal, while on the top and in the button (just like in the aqueduct of Marcia) shaking the cover patch and of the base. The canal of Anio Novus can be found on top Claudia's aqueduct and you distinguish it because of it's opera in reticular and laterizia .Both of the canals measures of it's internal is about 1.14meters in length , 1.75 in height.
During imperial period of Claudio's aqueduct was always maintained and reconstructed, starting in the time of Vespasiano, that in 71 d.C. was reconstructed which was closed for ten years due to the damge. With the lack of written documents, we don't have much information to it's reconstruction (after that of Tito, in the year 81) one can have a knowledge of the various technics in walling one over the other originally in opera quadrata of tufo and travertino with the sides in opera reticolata. In chronological succession shows the opera listata in the time of flavio, it is a mix opera in the period of Traiano and of Adriano, opera laterizia in the period of severiana and of "vittata" in the late period of imperial , until "rattoppi" in the medieval period. In the necessity that the arches should be added with rings and sub arches, in opera laterizia and in some case blindness of the lights; making the pillars solid was constucted by in different period of Severi and Diocleziano or of Massenzio, with "fasciature" in laterizio and opera listata. In 399, Arcadio and Onorio used a protection of the water source due to period and the forces of nature water gravitational forces. In the modern times most often in using the big square lapids they have been cut into small pieces and left intact the internal part in its original sturcture and it's art. (this is documented ). This type of system is the opera of spoglio &eganrave; it is partucularly visible in the arches that goes to Tor Fiscale and Porta Furba, where the aqueduct was passing from via Tusculana. After this one you can find a route of about 1300 meters(and the height is 19-20meters) perfectly conserved it’s restructctured state and even it’s original state. It is very notable in this route and spetacularly when the aqueduct of Claudio is on the side of the arcade of Marcio’s aqueduct: for about 300 meters this two ducts comes to contact with each other , in such a way that the center pilar of one of these duct coincide with one of the arch of the other duct , however the the bendings which are the reconstuctions provides a wall consturction with a width of about ten meters. A particular part in which this part is characterized is Tor Fiscale, with the 13th century tower with a height of more than thirty meters on the top of the two aqueducts.
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