Closely related to Aqua Claudia, the Aqueduct of Aniene (Anio Novus) was started by Caligola in 38 AC, and finished in 52 by Claudio who gave it his imperial name.
The relevant Acqueduct Claudio, was also called with the name "Anine", for the water coming from the high course of that river. The adjective "Novus" was added to distinguish it from the it's synonym which is functioning for more than three century, in which became "Vecchio" (Anio Vetus). The water comes directly from the river, by the XLII mile of via Sublacensis, before Subiaco, not far from the source of Marcia and Claudia.
Just by them, but in the opposite side of Aniene (by the XXXVIII mile from the road), the aqueduct was "integrated" (purity of the water got better) from Rivus Herculaneus, derived from the source that you can find near Marano Equo. Water coming from the river was often turbid because of the scarce concreteness of the river shores. As long as the swing pool limaria was in construction in correspondence of incile (near Àgosta, in the left side of Aniene, before that water reached the speco), especially in the rainy season, the water arrived to Rome much more turbid. It is not to be excluded that Nero ordered three lakes to be built in his villa sublacense to improve the purification of water and not just to create a gorgeous stage.



The lakes were in fact originated by dams obstructing with Aniene and they were connected with each other with a hydraulic system of ports, in which one is in a higher level in respect to other one, letting water cross from the higher part and the lower part in such way, like passing in a huge "lamaria" swing pool, filtering its impurity. In the times of Traiano (98 d.C.) the aqueduct turns away from the river to get its water supply directly from the second lake which is near the place where, in more recent times, the monasteries of San Benedettc and Santa Scolastica took advantage of the aqueduct itself.
The course Anio Novus was the longest of all, measuring almost 59 mile (58.700 yds), a bit less than km 87 (rr 86.876), of which 73km (49.300 yds) in the underground canal and 14 (9400 feet) on the surface. The last one is less than 7 which corresponds to the arch of Claudio's aqueduct, in which starting from VII miles of via Latina, Anio Novus was on top of it. The daily capacity -has the largest capacity in all- was about 4738 quinarie, corresponding to cube metre 196.627 (and 2274 litres per second).
The aqueduct follows the valle of Aniene, in the left side of the river, comes near San Cosimato, which is on top of Claudia, Marcia and Anio Vetus, continues to Vicovaro by Castel Madama and comes back alone, abandoning the river Aniene, turning to the east by the heights of Monte Papese and hills of Monitola until Valle dell'Empiglione (Empiglione valley), meeting with Aniene again. Here, the aqueduct divides in two branches; the original one continues to the west (and goes back to Aniene), in the direction of Tivoli and passing first to the duct before the 16th arcade, about 156 meters, and afterwards it is again on the side of the other aqueduct.
Here, there is a huge bridges of arch, measuring about 300 meters, constructed by less than 11 arcade, five of them in the center, of about 30 meters. It was actually in two orders (the only arche remained today is the head of the monument, on the huge latarizi pylons, by via Empolitana, while in the superior part is as small medieval tower). On the other root (posterior derivation) it goes to the south, passing Fosso Empiglione with a duct with double order arcade, the height is more than 20 metrs and a width of 600 meters (of which lot of parts and arcades are still visible, with the square opera of tufo (the local vulcanic stone) of the period of Claudio. The facade was reconstructed with concrete in different periods), forwarded the oriental inner part of Monte Sant'Angelo in Arcese with a deep valley (about one kilometer long and identified by Lanciani with the one that was dug in 88d.C. by Lucio Paquedio Festo).
Before the south part of Colle Castello, through a valletta called Valle Barberini, passes another canal parallel and an alternative, constructed in the period of Adrianea (or even before), probably for the canal to bring water in case of work or maintenance in the other duct, without interrupting the water supply. As in the main root, after Tivoli, it turns to the south and after a long course turns to the west, this is also a massive of monti Tiburtini: Colle Ripoli, Monte Arcese and Monte Sant'Angelo in Arcese, in the south before Gericomio, it unites with other root, through a huge "cisterna", with the opera of laterizia, in the period of' severiana, forming three ducts communicating with each other and some times it is covered by a cruise e coperti da volte a crociera: a reservoir, other than the concentration of the water in a duct and a vertical well, serves also to provide water to the aqueduct of Anio Vetus, Marcia and Claudia in case of need, which comes from a lower level. Having passed monti Tiburtini, after Gericomio, the underground duct continues to Gallicano going from the underground to the surface. In the pit Acqua Raminga you can still find the bridge of Sant'Antonio, about 120 meters in length and the height is about 33, it is also one of the most beautiful aqueduct's bridge of the Romans. The original structure (in the period of Claudio) is the square opera of tufo and it is made of concrete with pillars that is reconstructed for supported and it has a big arch, in the center part is about 32.30 meters in height with a light of 10.40, with two small arch on it's side with two level; two different construction cementizia e cortina laterizia appartengono a restauri del III e IV secolo d.C. Some bridge was in the Mola's pit of San Gregorio (which should be tall about 40 meters ), the one that is in the pit of hell, which has a big pillar and it is attached with an arch. After Gallicano in it's side is aqueduct Claudia, passing superata la Santa Maria of Cavamonte, aqueduct follows another track which is via Praenestina passing on top or it and long spurs about 230 meters; then goes strait a head to west to the massive of Colli Albani, having pass some bridges the pit of Pallavicina, Marmorelle and Prata Porci. Passing via Latina, turns in the northwest direction. In the locaclity of Capannelle you can find swimming pool lamaria (dimension of 21.60 by 8,90meters) divided in two spaces and was constructed in reticulated opera with the reconstruction of laterizio. Starting from the swimming pool, as it was said, Anio Novus continues until the upper part arcade of aqueduct of Claudio and becomes the highest aqueduct. Arriving in the city with a high quota of about 52 meters with this height it can provide water even high altimetry urban region. Like in the castle wich is the terminal and destination, it is like the aqueduct of Claudia, wich is in the zone of Porta Maggiore. Aqueduct Anio Novus crawled first before Anthan.